【转贴】FM08优秀主帅养成：如何治理好球队、球员交流补遗篇(二)

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转自：playcm
作者：windclou

内容来源：SI官方
翻    译：小风

弄了一个下午，打字打到手抽筋，很疼；如果您有耐心看完了，而且觉得还有些帮助，麻烦回个帖子吧，小风先谢过了

本篇综合了昨天一些朋友反馈的信息，把第一篇作了一些补充，另外就是球队如何管理的内容。今天不知道为何，在PlayGM非常地卡，发个帖子要等半天才成，希望不会影响到大家看帖；以下为第二篇的目录：
1楼 目录
2楼 赛前的媒体互动
3楼 如何发表对对方最有威胁的球员的评论
4楼 赛前面对媒体的评论的一些补充说明
5楼 赛后的球队谈话&球员个人的谈话
=====以上为第一篇“交流篇”的补充，下面开始球队管理篇=====
6楼 球队的有机磨合和人事管理
7楼 新签入的球员，租借球员和年轻球员的管理
8楼 队长的最优任命
9楼 奖金的合理分配
10楼 赛季前的展望


关于第一篇文章，猫猫已经转载过了，这里是后续文章！大家看看吧！


本帖原址：http://www.fmtime.cn/thread-11602-1-1.html  （这个是要注册的）我就直接发上来了！

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I - Matches build up interaction
赛前的媒体互动

Being well prepared for an important match and having your squad at the top of their morale and form for this match can be a key in achieving your goals of the season and have massive impact on your results.
如果你的球队旨在达成本赛季的既定目标，在比赛中取得很好的成绩，那么在重大的比赛前，如何使球队保持高昂的斗志和状态将是非常重要的一个环节；

Advance planning
赛前的周密准备

If you are facing key games, you should start looking at your preparation very early, at least seven days ahead if you want to achieve the best results. Of course nobody can always take everything into account for every single game, but looking at the calendar at times and setting your eyes on these dates can improve your performance massively.
如果你即将迎来一场关键战役（比如榜首大战），如果你想在这场关键比赛中取得好成绩的话，那么你应该很早就为这场比赛做好准备，这个准备时间最少在该比赛开始的7天以前。当然，不会有哪位玩家有时间和精力做到对每一场比赛都作如此多的投入，但是阶段性的查看球队的赛程，并且时刻留意那些对你的球队来讲非常关键的比赛日是合格的经理都应该做到的；

If you are for instance facing a top match in seven days and know that you may need some rotation players or even key players who are currently in a bad mood, you should consider to give them a morale-boosting reserve match on Wednesday, if possible. A better morale may make up for any loss in condition, and you can rest them for a day after the match.
如果你在7天后会面临一场关键的比赛，而此时你发现你的阵容中有一些轮换上场的球员甚至某些关键球员士气低落，那么你应该意识到为这些球员在参加关键战役前，如果可能的话，在周三安排一场“回复士气”的比赛，因为斗志高昂往往会让你取得关键战役的胜利（意译了部分，大概意思就是说如果你周日有一场重要的比赛，那么你应该利用好周中的这场比赛来调节球队部分队员的士气，以保证所有队员都斗志昂扬的去面对挑战）

If you are playing a fierce rival, you may also make a comment on your next opponent about three days before the match. The best-proven comment is to ‘expect a good rivalry’ as this will often take away pressure from your own players and occasionally build up pressure for the opposition.
如果你将要对战死敌，那么如果你要对对手进行赛前评论，大概提前3天是比较合适的（早评没用，晚评得不到对手的反馈），最好的评论选项应该是“我期待一场激烈的比赛”（踢的好的一方会取得胜利<BP翻译>），做这个评论会大大减轻你自己球队球员的压力并且很有可能给对方球员造成很大的压力。

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Dangerman
对方最有威胁的球员

Finally you will receive your scout report and have the option to comment on the opposition dangerman. This was heavily bugged in FM 07 and you had to do it three days in advance to see an effect, but finally it does work now. But beware, it is a gamble, otherwise the game may get too easy. You should always watch out first at the form and personality of these players. If they are model professionals, driven or highly determined players, better stay away from commenting on them if they are not in a crisis. Players in a crisis and with less determined characters are more prone to buckle under the pressure then those who are on top of their form.
在赛前，你会收到你的球探提交给你的球探报告，此时你能够就其中的对方最有威胁的球员进行评价，在Fm07里，这点曾经是最大的一个bug所在，因为你必须要提前三天就对其进行评论才能看到效果（而不失赛前评论），不过在FM08里，已经修改回来了。
不过需要提醒大家注意的是，评论对方的最有威胁球员，其实无异于一场赌博，不然的话这个游戏未免就设计得太过简单了（也就是说我们做这个评论的目的是为了影响对方关键球员导致他们不能正常发挥，但是FM08里并不是你评论了就一定会达到效果，往往可能是反效果，下面详细解释）。
在决定是否要对其评论前，你最首要的是先要留心该球员的最近状态和个性，如果，他是职业球员的楷模，是非常坚决的球员（比如C罗），那么除非他们现在的状况非常糟糕（比如和主教练闹矛盾、请求转会、进球荒），请彻底远离对他们的赛前评论。相比较目前正在状态的球员，那些最近表现糟糕的、或者不是非常坚定的球员更容易受到这项评论的影响而压力太大发挥失常。（意思就是对Dangerman的评论，请找那些“软柿子”，像C罗这类的还是不要评得好，不然只会适得其反的~无论你做的是什么评论）

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Pre-match media
赛前面对媒体的评论的一些补充说明

Finally, after so many preliminaries, the most important part: The media pre-match interaction. Now you can make up for anything you missed before or finally blow it. Choose your options wisely and remember that being over-confident rarely is rewarded in the game. To make things clear: good pre-match comments will not win a game for you. But giving the wrong comments can have catastrophic effects and giving the right comments can boost your morale strongly.
最终，在经历了以上诸多的赛前准备后，你终于迎来的最重要的一环：面对媒体的赛前评论。此刻，是你最后的机会来弥补你之前没有做到的部分。请明智慎重的选择你的评论选项，因为，过分自信的言论基本上不可能会让你在比赛中得到相应的回报。简单点说就是：好的赛前媒体评论不一定会帮助你赢得比赛的胜利，但是，糟糕的错误的评论绝对会让你在比赛中得到灾难性的效果；只有了选择正确的赛前评论才能有效的激发你球队的斗志。（具体的如何作出赛前的媒体评论，请参见第一篇的这一部分）

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Post-Match Team Talks
赛后的球队谈话

The shortest and least important part of all, since most time your players don’t listen anyway! The only bad mistake is not to give enough praise after good performances, and your players will let you know if this happens. If you are up to, you can acknowledge key performances and single out bad performances. Youngsters and new players tend to listen more often and will be happy if you praise them. Have a look at individual morale and praise those who are still in bad mood after a win.
最简洁，同时也是所有谈话中重要性最弱的一个环节，因为大部分时间你的球员根本不会听你在说什么。唯一可能发生的错误就是当球队表现非常好的时候，作为经理你没有给与他们足够的表扬；如果你真的没有给他们足够的表扬，那么肯定会影响下场比赛关键球员的状态，因此如果球队表现真的不错，请不要吝啬你的鼓励和赞扬（意译了部分）。年轻球员和新加入的球员会更倾向于听你赛后谈话，并且会非常开心你表扬了他们。请关注一下个别球员的士气，如果在一场胜利以后他的士气仍然低落那么请给他以表扬。

Post-match talks
赛后的对球员个人的谈话

As for team-talks, probably the least important part and you can give some individual feedbacks, if you are up to. Look for new players and youngsters first, additionally for those with bad morale despite winning or those who played well despite losing. Check your team talk feedback frequently to find out how your players react since everyone is different and needs and individual handling.
和球队的赛后谈话一样，这也是所有对个人谈话中最不重要的一环。请先照顾下新入队的球员和年轻球员，特别是那些赢球后仍然士气低落或者是输球了但是表现得很好的球员。请养成在赛后查看球员们的反馈的习惯，通过每位球员的反应来发现未来该如果分人的去对他们进行人事管理（比如你需要逐步了解哪些球员比较适合用激将法，哪些需要正面鼓励）

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以下开始讲解如何有效合理的管理一个球队,成为合格且出色的球队经理人

Squad factors
球队管理篇
（这部分是大部分玩家之前忽视的，包括小风本人在内，不过确实相当重要的，当然，不了解这些也能玩，而且可能玩的很好，但是了解了以后你会对之前很多莫名其妙的球队状况恍然大悟）

Team gelling
球队的有机磨合和人事管理（以下结合我个人的理解意译了部分）

The current level of understanding is more than a neat little feature you can see when looking at your assistant’s team talk feedbacks, this can be crucial regarding two key issues, which do determine your tactical success in the long run: quality of performance and consistency of performance. Both of these factors, combined with the quality of your tactical approach, will decide whether you will succeed or fail at your current club.
在FM08中，球队对你的战术和管理的理解已经不再是可有可无的一个游戏设定了，其中有两个非常关键的、甚至会影响你的球队管理和战术能否被长期的正确的执行下去的因素：其一是球队工作的质量，其二是球队工作的稳定性。这两者，结合你个人的高效的管理方式，将会决定你在你现在所在的俱乐部中是否能够取得成功；

This may look a little bit keen at first sight, but let me try to give an admittedly very drastic example: you start a game as a quite unknown manager, take over a squad and instantly bring in a good number of new players (be it because you need them objectively or just suppose so) by spending the largest part of your budget, and finally you are trying your own tactics that may not have been fully finished or you are downloading one or several sets in order to find the best suited for your squad. If you look at it closely, this seems exactly to be the scenario of many new games, regardless of playing in lower leagues or at top clubs.
OK，第一眼看到第一段写的东西也许大家都会被这些概念弄得一头雾水，那么我试着举一个具体的例子来解释一下上面所说的含义：设想一下，你现在新开了一个档，以一个“默默无闻”的不为人知的教练身份起家，接管了一支球队（不管这支球队的大小），并且上任后很快按照你自己的思路，买入了一些非常好的新球员（这些球员也许的确是你球队急需的或者只是你认为如此），现在，你为了买这些球员已经花了大笔的钱，最后，你开始用这些球员，按照你指定的战术来开始新赛季的征程。往往你会使用默认的或者下载网上其他人所说的“好用”的几套战术作为实验，去找出你认为最适合你球队的一个。大家看我上面说的这套流程眼熟么？或许无论是喜欢玩低级别联赛的朋友还是高级别联赛的朋友，基本上开档后都是这么做的吧？ （我自己也是 哈哈  ^_^）；

You now have a reduced morale throughout the squad because of an inexperienced manager, you have simultaneously reduced the team cohesion - if it comes worst significantly - and you intend to make tactical tests with this team, which may lead to a long period of tinkering if things go wrong. In other words, you have changed so much at one time that it is next to impossible to find out where it does go wrong. You may see a different team in half a year, once the morale is up and the understanding strong, your tactics may be great but simply will not work or perform consistently because these are mental issues and morale issues the team does have.
好了，问题出现了，此时你会发现你球队的整个时期怎么在下降？？答案是因为你是一个默默无闻的主教练（想象一下现实中你是个30岁的默默无闻的主教练，替代了弗格森去对C罗、鲁尼发号施令他们会怎么对你？），因为你的因素，导致了球队内聚力的极大损害；如果这种情况变得非常严重，并且此时你恰好在进行多种战术的测试，而这个战术的测试又恰好需要经历一段不短的时间才能得出结果（一般用以测试战术的友谊赛都会持续1个月吧~）；换句话说，就是在你上任的短短的时间内，你就对球队进行了如此多的“改造”，那么一旦球队出现了这样或那样的问题，那么你根本就不知道是你的哪项“改革”导致了这个问题的出现。你为球队选择的战术也许是“无敌”、“摧枯拉朽”、“超级好用”的，但是你会发觉在你的球队根本就不起作用，或者只是昙花一现好用而已，这一切的一切，都是因为球队的精神和士气出了很大的问题；

The only advice that does make sense: avoid this situation at any costs. If it is already too late, stick to your tactics unless you definitely know they are flawed fundamentally, get the morale up by applying team talks and media feedbacks as presented in this article, try to grab a win and to survive this period. Apply all of the given tips and try to maximise your efforts in man management to keep morale high at any cost, and eventually you will get through this without ending in a catastrophe. This may be a situation where man-management can save your job more then any tactical skill.
如果你的球队出现了以上的情况，那么我的唯一的建议就是：请不惜一切代价的扭转这种局面！如果已经形成了这种局面，那么除非你的球员已经彻底对你失去信心了，请坚持你的战术稳定不变，通过正确的球队谈话，媒体反馈等等所有一些列眼前能采取的措施来提升球队的士气；在最近的一场比赛中去争取胜利并且通过不断的胜利来摆脱现在的局面。使用所有游戏中提供给你的手段，最大限度的发挥你的人员管理才能，不计任何代价的来保持住球队高昂的斗志，如果你能做好以上的这些，那么你将会最终摆脱这段非常危险的时期而不是被球队开除。在这个时候，请牢牢记住一点，相比较你所下载的那些杰出的战术而言，高超的人员管理手段才是你摆脱困境的最可靠措施！

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New players, loan players and youngsters
新签入的球员，租借球员和年轻球员的管理

If you need to make major changes in your squad, you should always try to do this when you are tactically settled, but you also should never expect to get results within no time, except for some lucky signings. Many players will need six months or longer to adapt to a new country, if you are having bad luck and playing in a country with a difficult language, even longer.
在你对你的球队阵容进行大规模的变动（简称“换血”）之前，请确认你的球队战术选择问题已经解决了（原因请看上一楼的介绍）；但是即使如此，也请不要抱着这样一种幻想：我签入一名球员马上就会得到非常好的回报。因为很多球员需要6个月甚至更长的时间才能适应一个新的国家新的环境（这不光在FM游戏中，在现实中也是如此），如果你很不走运的，你所选择的联赛所处国家的语言又是特别难学的那种（俄语、德语、法语这种），那么你要做好给这名球员更长时间去适应的心理准备（知道为什么很多球员拒绝签约的时候，理由总有那么一条“不觉得转会去**国是一个明智的决定”了么？就是因为这个~ ）；

You can help your new players adapting by trying to make it as easy as possible using your man management skills. Give them good feedbacks, take off the pressure in early games, give them positive feedbacks after the first games, and help them if they play below expectations with giving media feedbacks. This can shorten the period extremely. Especially with keeper debuts in foreign countries you should be very careful. This seems to be one of the most difficult adaptations in the game, even more so if the keeper did not have time to learn the language.
当然，作为球队主帅，你能够通过你的努力来帮助这些新球员更容易而且更短时间内摆脱不适应感。具体方法有：通过不断的很好的球员沟通，在该球员的早期比赛中多多减轻他的压力，在他的首次出场比赛后给他积极的评论，或者当他们的表现低于预期的时候在媒体采访时给与他们足够的支持（当然也不能太夸大其词，那同样会给他们压力）。这些手段都能够极大的缩短这个适应期。特别需要大家注意的是，新入队的守门员，对于他们在异国他乡的首演，请格外注意留神关照。貌似在FM中，适应环境最慢的就是守门员了，好像这些守门员们一个个忙得都没有时间来学习你们国家的语言一样；  >_<||

What has been said about new players is equally important for loan players. Why ever the designers thought that you could not give media feedbacks to players on loan contracts, this does affect your players’ morale and there is no way to work around this. Always give them good team talks before most matches. You will also note soon that these players are more vulnerable to losing their good morale between the matches, so you will have to spend much more efforts on keeping them on their toes compared to your own players. This can be an annoyance and cost you a lot of time, but it definitely can be worth the effort, even more so if you do not pay their wages.
以上针对新入队球员需要注意的事项和可采用的措施对租借球员同样有效。但是很奇怪的是，为什么FM的设计者会认为作为球队主帅的你，不能去通过媒体来谈论一名你对队伍中的租借球员呢？（这点我还真没注意，大家看看是不是不能通过媒体评价租借球员吧？如果能评，说明这段我翻译错了..）因为少了这个沟通的手段，所以对租借球员的士气保持会变得非常困难。最有效的方法就是在比赛时多进行好的全队谈话；另外大家需要注意的是，这些租借的球员貌似更容易受到刺激而导致士气大降，因此作为主帅的我们相比较我们球队的队员，必须花更多的时间和精力去为了保持这些租借的“宝贝们”斗志昂扬。这是一个非常烦人的并且耗费大家精力的事情，但是同样，显然这一且的付出也是值得的，因为在这些租借球员看来，如果你对他们的关心，甚至比你给他们发不发工资还要重要；

To a certain degree the same has to said about youngsters. They may still be missing consistency, but in combination with tutoring, sensitive team talks and media interaction, you may help them to perform much more consistently. Whenever your squad is relying on a number of these players, new signing, loanees and youngsters, you should try to take maximal advantage of your man management skills to avoid those problems. Once a team has matured and settled, you may become a little bit more lenient with this.
对于年轻球员，希望之星们，也同样如此（都是宝贝啊~都得像大爷一样供着）。他们最大的问题就是表现不稳定，但是通过你良好的引导培养，及时敏感的球队谈话和良好的媒体反馈，作为主帅的你能够帮助他们变得越来越稳定。如果，你的阵容里，大部分依赖的是这群新签入的、年轻的希望之星们或者租借球员，那么你应该最大限度的发挥你的人士管理才能，去阻止各种各样的问题发生。一旦你可以解决好这些问题，让这支球队成熟成长起来，那么你的前景将是无限美好的，未来几年在被窝里数者奖杯偷着乐吧~~

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Captaincy
队长的任命
（有的时候，我们自己选的队长会得到全队的交口称赞，有的时候却会动摇军心，究竟是哪些因素在起着决定性的因素呢？下文将会揭开这个谜团）

Choosing the right team captains always was an important point, but in the past players could fiddle around with this important factor indefinitely without seeing too many negative results, maybe except for choosing the wrong guys for one or two games. Now finally the situation is closer to real life: there is a captain already, there will be a recommendation by your assistant usually recommending this captain and a vice captain, and you will need to decide if you want to take this advice or not. And even better, the decision will not come for free. If you want to change things, you should have a good reason and you should be willing to take the consequences as well.
为球队选择一名合适的队长，是非常重要的一项任务；但是在以前的几个版本里这点似乎并不明显，我们经常按我们自己的喜好随便选了个人当队长，或许他是正确的人选，或许不是，不过都没什么关系。但是现在，这种情况终于得到改变了，更加贴近了现实：原先你的球队已经存在的队长，很可能就是你的助理教练会向你推荐的正副队长人选，这是你可以选择接受这个推荐也可以选择不接受，不管你怎么选择，你需要明确的一点是，任何选择都不再像以前一样没有任何影响了，FM08的一条原则就是，如果你想要改变一些之前有的东西，你应该有足够充分的理由并且你要做好处理该决定带来的一些列问题的心理准备；

I do not have any tentative results, but in two of four cases so far the previous captain was not the best choice. I am simply looking at these attributes first: Influence plus determination. If they make the player a candidate, I also look for decisions, work rate and finally bravery. He should have a certain age and last not least have been at the club for a while and he should be highly respected by his team mates, you will see this in their good relationship screens. But, and this is a big but, sometimes older ‘natural leader’ have just joined the club (only if settled in the same country!) or the ‘real life’ manager has a strange way to find captains. Then it is time to verify the choice, which I did twice so far. In both cases this was very well received, even though it does come at a cost and some candidates will feel left behind.
我并没有非常多的试验结果，不过在仅有的4个游戏档中的2个，我确定球队先前的队长人选不是最佳的选择。我首先简单的查看了如下属性：影响力和决心。如果该球员被推荐为队长的候选人，那么我还会查看他的判断力、团队合作以及勇敢（上文的determination和这里的decisions我不知道翻译得对不对，大家帮忙检查一下）。作为合格的队长，他应该有恰当的年龄（不能太小），并且至少要在俱乐部服役了一段时间同时他也需要有领袖风范为其他大部分队友所尊敬，你可以通过查看球员个人的喜欢的球员（good relationship）一栏来确定这点。但是，我要提醒大家非常非常需要注意的是，如果你的队伍中新加盟了一位很有资历的，描述为“天生的领袖”的球员（这种情况只适用于这名球员也是该国家联赛转会来的），那么，请不要犹豫，大胆的选择他作为队长人选吧。我曾经做过两次这样的选择，两次都收到了很好的效果，除了前队长可能会有些想法外，其他大部分球员都表示强烈的支持的。（这点小风我也可以证实，我用德乙Hoffenheim的时候就签入了一个老后腰，因为他的影响力比前队长高很多，因此我选择他作了队长，结果意外地发现全队的人都对我的决定交口称赞）；

I reckon it could be an important measure to look at this if you ever should take over a team in a crisis: verify if the captaincy choice has been right. This may also be a measure to be applied if your own team is deep down. But take into account that it will be a gamble and you should have a good reason to make such a switch.
我认为，队长的选择是非常重要的，特别是如果你接受的是一支正面临危机的球队：如果你能保证你的队长人选是正确的，那么请坚定的按下确认按钮吧。同样，对于接手一直平均士气非常低落的球队来讲，队长的选择也具有同样的重要意义，这其实无异于一场赌博，你下注前请务必想好作这个决定的理由是否充分。

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Bonuses
奖金的分配

At start of the season, you can determine the sum that will be paid out at the end of the season, based on the success in several competitions. I think that there is not much of a choice here. Even if you are running a cash-strapped club, select the highest available option. First off all, this sum is included in your budget anyway, but also important: it is based on your success, which does mean you will have to pay less if the team fails to reach the season’s goals. As always, achieving something will generate more income for your team, so do not try to be miserly with bonuses. I never knew whether contracts have an influence or not, but I always tried to offer low wages, but high bonuses in contract talks.
在赛季初，你会被询问在赛季结束时，根据球队在各项赛事中的最终表现，分配奖金的数额。我个人觉得在这里其实可变性并不是很多。即使你是一个濒临破产的球队，你也同样可以选择最高额的奖金来刺激球队（虽然很可能你付不起这笔钱，不过谁会在乎呢，那是赛季末的事情了）。首先要明确的是，奖金并不是独立于你的财政预算之外的，同样重要的是：最终奖金的发放，完全取决于你达到的最终成绩，如果你带队没有达到最开始的赛季目标，那么你最终支出的奖金就不会那么多。不过，一般的情况来讲，如果你能带领球队取得更多的很好的成绩，那么你得到的回报也会更多（打杯赛能多打一轮就能多赚点奖金的，对于小球会这点奖金可不是“小钱”），同样也会给你的球队带来更多的收入，因此请不要在奖金的设定上过于吝啬。我虽然不知道是否在和球员签合同的时候“奖金”也有一定的影响，但是我个人的习惯总是在合同谈判的时候给低一些的工资，但是高额的奖金。（小风觉得应该是有影响的，至少有一点我可以确定，就是一定数量的违约金条款，可以让你在签约的时候不付签约金，大部分球员都适用！）

Good bonuses do have an effect like a permanent media feedback at start of the season, I did not try to do the opposite, but most likely it has to result in a reversed effect. So, even if you are cash-strapped, give your guys the best bonuses. Morale and motivation will always pay off; a lack of it will cost you much more.
奖金的设置能够影响你球队一个赛季的士气和状态，它是一个长期的因素，因此，即使你的球队濒临破产，也请给你的小伙子们争取最好的奖金。如果你吝啬了一点，你会发现你在球队士气上会亏得更多

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Pre-season
赛季前的展望

Several observations suggest that having a good start into the season is pure gold and having a good team morale cannot be underrated in FM 08 at this point of time. You can try to support this with a careful pre-season fixture list and try to arrange difficult games at start while finishing your friendlies with some easy, probably morale-boosting ‘shootouts’. This could be especially helpful for all those players who manage the likes of Man U, Barca and Milan as Sunday league footballers.
在进入赛季前，球队能保持很好的状态和士气是非常重要的，尤其是在FM08中士气往往决定成败的情况下。你可以通过精心安排赛季前的比赛日程来逐步引导球队进入状态，比如在几场很没有难度的友谊比赛后安排一场稍微困难一些的硬仗，或许通过此就会激发起全队的士气；这点尤其对于执教[wiki]曼联[/wiki]、博卡、米兰这类球队的经理很有帮助，你会发现通过此能极大的激发起球队队员们的士气。