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眉笔的油画学习贴
I CLASSIC
拿破仑视察雅法鼠疫病院
格罗作(Antoine-Jean Gros) Oil on canvas, 1804
格罗于1771年出生于法国,从小师从他的父亲,14岁起成为达维特的学生。1793年被指控为保皇派,只好逃往意大利。他主要住在佛罗伦萨和戈诺阿,以绘画谋生。1796年,他在米兰见到了拿破仑,从此改变了人生。他的绘画也摆脱了达维特那种冷峻的格。1799年他回到了法国,绘制大量的以拿破仑的战争为背景的作品,并大获成功。他的作品结构受鲁本斯的影响,便更为生动,处理色彩的手法更加纯熟。他的作品题材新颖,充满活力。他还画了很多肖像画。1824年被封为男爵。65岁时,他为自己感到伤感,自杀身亡。
Fruhlingsreigen(A Song of Spring)
Maximilian Lenz Oil on canvas, 1913
German Symbolist artist born 1860 - died 1948
A study table
威廉·迈克尔·哈尼特 William Michael Harnett Oil on canvas, 1882
American Realist artist born 1848 - died 1892
Ballet Rehearsal on Stage
爱德加·德加!!!!!!!!!!!!!!我喜欢的德加!!!! Edgar Degas,1834-1917
印象画派代表人物,德加的重要性在于他的抽象的形式和色彩的感觉,在这一点上他超过了其它的印象主义画家。
生来便是大资产阶级,是银行家奥古斯特·德加之子.他对古典主义的浓厚兴趣和他行为的谨慎似乎与出身十分合拍.不过,他那异常强烈的个性和独立自主的思想却又把他抛入革命阵营.德加是属于印象派的,因为他喜爱抓住瞬间,并且务求真实.但他在色彩分离方面,永远不曾达到那样的五彩缤纷.在印象派画家笔下,形有溶解于气氛之中的倾向,而德加的画却始终保留着严格的形.他的确同他们相反,打算在坚实严格的限度内,概括出生动活泼的世界.因此,如果说德加属于印象主义,那么主要不是由于他的技巧,而是由于他在精神思想方面的安排,由于他明确地拒绝陈陈相因.学校传授给他技巧,现实的景象则给他以生活的意义.从这一观点来看,他远远超过了朋友们的所作所为.可以并非武断地说,他的作品使人予感到新的构图和多年以后的摄影和电影艺术方才采用的奇特视角.他的俯视,将主要人物偏移中心的肖像画,与整个主题相比,大得出乎意料的近景,为了反衬出人物的生动,故而强调的无生气的细节末节,所有这些方法的发明都与今日摄影机给我们建议的视觉不谋而合.另外,他似乎对风景丝毫不感兴趣,他不喜欢使人想到树叶的颤动,水的闪光或天空的风去突变.当他的作品中出现风景之时,人们从未感到他是对景写生的.在他的画中,人们也无法找到其创作灵感源泉的迫切需要.
他在美术学院安格尔弟子拉莫特的班级里习画时,始终对安格尔极为敬仰.不管他的天才如何演变,他却从不背弃过去.毫无疑问,这种对于人类创造的崇敬,对于行善的明确意识是其性格的基础,也是人们指责他的根源.其画风的演变也比较清楚地表明德加对印象主义采取了一种非常特殊的立场.这种手法在并未失其坚卓的情况下,渐渐地让色彩占据越来越重要的地位.不过,这种色彩始终为现实主义服务.假如天才的德加没有立即赋予它以扩大的视野和独特的画面布局,并永远地离开了学院主义,使其作品意义远远超过人们在印象派中给予他的地位,它本来定会是干瘪、狭隘的.
德加眼中的直性是很特别的:他考虑最大限度地表现生活,从真实中选择出以前从未观察到的方面,而唯一的目的在于进一步努力使真实性从中显露出来.他笔下的裸体一反不自然的姿态,四肢蜷缩在困难的运动之中.出于同一理由,他要求光有与正常照明相反的效果,他研究剧院里成排脚灯射出的光.它从地面升起,使人影颠倒,改变脸形,并使动作的生动不同凡响.当德加希望在表现动态方面超越这一阶段时,他接触了雕塑.他塑的马、舞蹈演员都成为了真正的空间曲线.而且,舞蹈演员和马的动作的相似之处,竭力伸腿的方式,体现出画家坚定不移,自觉自愿的深入观察.
French Impressionist painter, engraver, lithographer, printmaker, pastellist, draftsman, photographer & sculptor
Also known as: Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, Edgar Dega, Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas, Hilaire Germain Edgar De Gas.
Student of: Louis Lamothe (1822-1869).
Friend of: Giovanni Boldini (1842-1931), Gustave Moreau (1826-1898).
Influence on: Walter Richard Sickert (1860-1942).
French painter, was born in Paris on the 19th of July 1834. Entering in 1855 the École des Beaux Arts, he early developed independence of artistic outlook, studying under Lamothe [1822-1869]. He first exhibited in the Salon of 1865, contributing a War in the Middle Ages, a work executed in pastel. To this medium he was ever faithful, using it for some of his best work. In 1866 his Steeplechase revealed him as a painter of the racecourse and of all the most modern aspects of life and of Parisian society, treated in an extremely original manner. He subsequently exhibited in 1867 Family Portraits, and in 1868 a portrait of a dancer in the Ballet of La Source. In 1869 and 1870 he restricted himself to portraits; but thenceforward he abandoned the Salons and attached himself to the Impressionists. With Manet [1832-1883] and Monet [1840-1926] he took the lead of the new school at its first exhibition in 1874, and repeatedly contributed to these exhibitions (in 1876, 1878, 1879 and 1880). In 1868 he had shown his first study of a dancer, and in numerous pastels he proclaimed himself the painter of the ballet, representing its figurantes in every attitude with more constant aim at truth than grace. Several of his works may be seen at the Luxembourg Gallery, to which they were bequeathed, among a collection of impressionist pictures, by M. Caillebotte [1848-1894]. In 1880 Degas showed his powers of observation in a set of Portraits of Criminals, and he attempted modelling in a Dancer, in wax. He afterwards returned to his studies of the sporting world, exhibiting in December 1884 at the Petit Gallery two views of Races which had a great success, proving the increasing vogue of the artist among collectors. He is ranked with Manet as the leader of the impressionist school. At the eighth Impressionist Exhibition, in 1886, Degas continued his realistic studies of modern life, showing drawings of the nude, of workwomen, and of jockeys. Besides his pastels and his paintings of genre and portraits among these, several likenesses of Manet, Degas also handled his favorite subjects in etching and in aquatint; and executed several lithographs of singers at café-concerts, of Balletgirls, and indeed of every possible subject of night-life and incidents behind the scenes. His work is to be seen not only at the Luxembourg but in many of the great private collections in Paris, in England and America. In the Centenary Exhibition of 1900 he exhibited The Interior of a Cotton-Brokers Office at New Orleans (belonging to the Museum at Pau) and The Rehearsal.
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