[转贴]传球 - 你理解它么？

David442

作者：死鱼
转自：PLAYGM


这是一篇较为基础的文章，但还是有不少新意（至少对我如此）。例如针对球员个人来设置不同的传球方式，以及当对方采取某种特定传球方式时如何应对等等。
原文地址在 http://www.fmwiki.com/fmwiki/ind ... o_You_Understand_It。

以下黑字为原文，蓝字为我的翻译，红字为个人观点。

Passing - Do You Understand It
传球 - 你理解它么？

Passing is a very important part of football and on FM this is no different, but don't make the mistake that a lot of people do and match the players passing attribute to the passing slider. So for example if someone has 4 for passing this doesn't mean that you should give him (4) short passing on the game. You need to study your players really carefully before deciding what passing to choose. If you have a player who has 15+ for his passing attribute then he is probably good enough to play every single passing style depending at what level you are playing at.
传球是足球中非常重要的部分，在 FM 中也不例外。但是不要犯很多人都犯过的错误——把球员的传球属性和传球滑动条对应起来。举个例来说，如果球员的传球属性是 4 的话，并不是意味着你应该在比赛中设置球员的传球滑动条为短传（4）。在决定让球员采取何种传球方式之前，你应该非常小心地研究球员。如果球员的传球属性在 15 以上，那么他大概足够优秀来处理每一种传球方式——依赖于你所进行比赛的级别。

The players passing in the midfield area is the most vital part of your formation in my eyes because you need to keep possession of the ball but also know when to release the ball to someone in a more advanced position. Time the passes right to your strikers and it could lead to a very good chance, but miss time the pass and you might give the possession of the ball away to the opposition. The passing to your strikers is important because get it wrong and you might get caught offside, but passing alone doesn't determine that it also depends on the strikers stats such as decision, anticipation and off the ball.
在我看来，球员在中场区域的传球是你的阵型中最重要的部分，因为你需要保持对球的控制，同时还要知道何时把球交给更前方的球员。正确判断传球给前锋的时机会产生很好的机会，而错过传球的时机会把控球权交给对方。传球给前锋是重要的，因为出错可能会导致越位——当然越位并不只是由传球决定的，它还依赖于前锋的属性，例如果断（decision）、预判（anticipation）以及无球跑动（off the ball）。

In Lower League Management situations you probably don’t have the players to play a very short passing game as they lack technique and creativity. So you need to find a passing style that suits the individual player. I would recommend trying to mix the passing styles up through out your team, don't have everyone set on the same settings. By doing this you give your team a variation of passing styles and make it UN predictable for the opposition to figure out what you will do with the ball.
在经营较低级别俱乐部的情况下,你大概没有能够进行非常短的传球的球员,因为他们缺少技术和创造力。所以你需要寻找一种适合不同球员的传球方式。我推荐你尝试在整个球队中混合不同的传球方式——不要把每个人都设置成一样。这样做的话，你的球队的传球方式有各种变化，让你的对手难以预测你会如何处理球。

Mixed:
混合传球：

What it does
什么是混合传球

Both the strengths and the weaknesses of the other three passing types, namely Direct, Short and Long, lay in their rigidity to an exact method of passing the ball, in many aspects regardless of whether or not, in any given situation, a different course of action would be appropriate. Mixed passing implies your players will attempt short passing, direct passing and long passing, depending on what, according to your players, would be the best course of action in a particular situation.
其他三种传球方式（直传、短传和长传）的优点和弱点都在于拘泥于一种特定的传球方法，而不管是不是在有些情况下另外的处理方式可能更合适。混合传球意味着球员会尝试短传、直传和长传，依赖于对球员来说在特定情况下什么是最好的处理方式。

Type of Players needed
适合的球员类型

To implement the mixed game you'll need players confident in three key areas of their attributes. The players intelligence should be one of the first considerations and for this you'll need players with a good Decisions attribute. The Mixed ball game requires a player to be able to judge for himself what next to do with the ball and a poor Decisions rating will more often than not see him losing possession or losing the momentum of a move.
要在比赛中实现混合传球，你需要球员在属性的三个关键区域有信心。球员的智力应该是首先要考虑的，因此你需要球员有着优秀的果断（Decisions）属性。混合传球的比赛要求球员能够自己判断下一步如何处理球，而果断（Decisions）属性糟糕的球员会时常看到他丢掉控球或者传球缺少给对方的压力。

If the player is capable of thinking for himself in the heat of battle (football is war afterall), he will also then have to have the ability to carry on the play with good Passing skills necessary.
如果球员能够在激烈的比赛中（足球就是战争）进行思考，他还必须拥有必要的传球（Passing）技能来继续比赛。

With the Mixed passing game comes a degree of unpredictability to the play and as a consequence you'll need players up front who can respond to the demands made on them by the more improvised style of play. Whereas the Direct or Long Ball approach can be understood by even the most dim-witted of forwards, relying upon them to just chase after a repetitive pass, they'll need to be considerably more awake when the Mixed game is being played. High Anticipation and Vision attribute values, in order whether the ball will be coming over the top at them, pulled out to the wing and crossed or precisely threaded through along the ground, will be needed.
在比赛中使用混合传球会给比赛带来一定程度的不可预知，因此你会需要在前方的球员能够对更多的临时决定的比赛方式给他们带来的要求做出响应。尽管直传或者长传球的方式能够被即使是最蠢的前锋理解，依靠他们去一再地追逐传球，但是当比赛采用混合传球时要求他们更加的警觉。要判断球是否会来到他们上方，球是否转移给边锋然后传中，或者球是否会精确地走地滚线路，需要优秀的预判（Anticipation）和视野（Vision）属性。

How to counteract
如何应对

For a side to be able to confidently play against a side employing Mixed passing, you'll need a healthy compliment of players who are highly skilled in being able to read the game and as such high Anticipation attributes are essential.
对于一只能够有信心和采用混合传球方式的球队比赛的球队来说，你需要那些很擅长阅读比赛的球员的有益的帮助，同样的预判（Anticipation）属性是关键。

Given that the Mixed ball game employs short passing to an extent, as well as relying upon the players intuition in making the play, it is possible to counteract the mixed play by getting a significant proportion of your team Pressing for the ball, thus restricting the amount of time the player can consider his options and thus increasing the likelihood of him making the wrong decision or playing a poor ball.
采用混合传球比赛并采用短传作为补充，也依赖于球员处理传球的直觉，能够通过让球队对球进行大量逼压来应对混合传球，由此限制对方球员可以思考选择的时间，从而增加他做出错误决定或者传出坏球的可能性。

总结：
采用混合传球要求传球球员拥有优秀的果断（Decisions）和传球（Passing）属性。而前锋球员拥有优秀的预判（Anticipation）和视野（Vision）属性。（Vision 可能是隐藏属性）
如果对方采用混合传球，自己球队的球员预判（Anticipation）属性非常重要，同时可以通过增加逼抢（Closing Down）对球采取压迫来逼使对方失误。

Short:
短传

What it does
什么是短传

The Short Passing game is, as every fan knows, the most impressive type of game to watch and, as every players knows, the hardest to put effectively into use. When employed, Short Passing will see a side attempting to build the majority of its attacks by stringing together a series of short incisive passes with players being very mobile in search of creating or finding space from which to receive the ball.
每一个球迷都知道采用短传方式的比赛是观看时最令人印象深刻的比赛方式，然而每一个球员都知道这也是最难以有效使用的。在采用短传方式时，一只球队会尝试通过串联一系列敏锐的短传建立大部分的进攻，而球员不断移动以创造或者找到接球的空间。

However, as any scholar of the game undoubtedly knows there are certain levels of the game where Short Passing appears inappropriate and nowhere is this more the case than in lower league football (LLM). As a consequence of the quality of both playing staff and pitch surfaces, you'll be a rare specimen indeed if you can succeed playing the football of the Copacabana beach away at such places as De Langeleegte (Veendam stadium, Dutch LLM team) on a rainy Tuesday night.
然而，无疑所有的比赛专家都知道，有些级别的比赛中采用短传似乎并不合适，这主要是指较低级别联赛（LLM）。由于职员和球场表面的糟糕，如果你能在下雨的星期二晚上的 De Langeleegte（Veendam 体育场，荷兰 LLM 球队）沙滩上成功踢球的话，你将是一个真正稀有的样品。
上面这段话是指在糟糕的场地上，短传非常困难。

Type of players needed
适合的球员类型

Given the technical nature of the Short ball, the type of players you'll need to succesfully use the tactic will generally be of the highest order. High ratings in Passing, Anticipation, Vision, Creativity, Positioning and Off the Ball are all essential, as are Stamina attributes, given the extended requirement of players in continually having to find and move into space and the demands that this makes upon the players condition rating.
由于短传的技术特性，你所需要的能够成功使用这种战术的球员类型通常是最高级别的。优秀的传球（Passing）、预判（Anticipation）、视野（Vision）、创造性（Creativity）、站位（Positioning）和无球跑动（Off the Ball）属性都必不可少，由于球员必须不断地寻找和移动到空当，所以还有耐力（Stamina）属性作为延伸而出的需求。这些属性决定了球员的状态评价。

If you are in possession of the quality of players necessary to make Short Passing effective, you'll quickly find that it can be quashed quite effectively on occasions by a side continually pressing and harrying your side for the ball. In response to this, always be prepared to mix some steel in amongst the silk of your side to deal with what can soon become and over competitive midfield.
如果你拥有必要的球员质量来让短传生效，你会很快发现，当对方球队为了获取控球不断地对你的球队进行逼抢时，短传可能完全失去效果。针对这一点，总是准备好在你的球队的丝绸之中加入钢铁来处理可能很快就会变得竞争非常激烈的中场。
应该是比喻在中场需要保持一定的硬度以应对激烈的逼抢。

How to counteract
如何应对

As with the Mixed ball game, only more so, the most effective way of counter-acting the Short Passing game is by restricting the time that your opponents can spend on the ball and by cutting off passing opportunities. To do this, you'll need to implement the Pressing Team Instruction as well as having players capable of doing the job for you with high Tackling, Strength and Stamina attributes way up on the list of essentials. Anticipation is also a useful attribute in counteracting the threats posed by Short Passing.
和采用混合传球方式的比赛一样，只不过更是如此，最有效的应对采用短传方式的比赛的方法是限制对方可以花在球上的时间，并且减少传球机会。要做到这一点，你需要实现逼压的球队指令，并且使用那些能够完成这个工作的球员，优秀的铲球（Tackling）、强壮（Strength）以及耐力（Stamina）属性是所需要的属性中最重要的。在应对短传带来的威胁时，预判（Anticipation）也是一个有用的属性。

总结：
短传是对技术要求最高的一种传球方式，并不适合较低级别联赛的俱乐部，也不适合在糟糕的场地上采用。
采用短传要求球员拥有优秀的传球（Passing）、预判（Anticipation）、视野（Vision）、创造性（Creativity）、站位（Positioning）和无球跑动（Off the Ball）属性，以及耐力（Stamina）属性。
如果对方采用短传，需要通过增加逼抢（Closing Down）对球采取压迫来逼使对方失误，此时铲球（Tackling）、强壮（Strength）以及耐力（Stamina）属性非常重要。同时球员的预判（Anticipation）属性也很有用。

David442

Direct:
直传：

What it does     
什么是直传

The Direct Ball approach can be considered the more intellectual half-brother of the Long Ball game. Direct passing sees sides looking to turn their possession into attacking opportunities at the earlier opportunity by playing the ball into attacking areas centrally or on the wing.
   
直传球和长传球的方式可以看作是同父异母的兄弟，只不过它是其中更聪明的那个。采用直传的球队会在机会刚出来的时候，通过把球传入中间或者两翼的攻击区域来把控球转化为进攻机会。

The benefit of the Direct approach is that sides of vastly different standards can implement it with reasonable success, however, those sides from a higher class can make more of the Direct ball than would be possible by simply playing Long passes.   
直传的好处在于不同级别的球队都可以通过采用它来得到成功，然而，那些来自更高级别的球队能够从直传球中获得更多（和简单地长传可能获得的相比）。

Direct Ball passing can also be frustrating when played against sides who are looking at a more patient build-up to their attacks. The very impatience of the Direct Ball approach can in some instances make it hard for sides playing the short game to pick up on the pace and necessary rhythm of the game.
当和一只非常耐心地组织进攻的球队比赛时，直传球可能也会失败。在某些情况下，对于那些使用短传来熟悉速度和必要的比赛节奏的球队来说，非常急躁的直传球可能让比赛变得困难。

Type of players needed     
适合的球员类型

To implement the Direct Ball you'll need players capable of accurate and incisive passing, so look for those midfielders and defenders with high Passing and Creativity attributes. To complement the passing qualities necessary, you'll also need target man who are able to react to the quickly played ball by getting themselves into a good position with high Positioning, Pace and Flair values.   
要实现直传球，你需要球员能够准确而且敏锐地传球，所以寻找那些具有优秀的传球（Passing）和创造性（Creativity）属性的中场和后卫球员。要完成必要的传球质量，你还需要进攻核心具有优秀的站位（Positioning）、速度（Pace）和天赋（Flair）属性，以能够快速地移动到好的位置去处理球。

How to counteract     
如何应对

Logically, it would appear that the best way to counteract the Direct Ball approach is by going for its somewhat repetitive nature. For example, a flat back four well schooled in the art of Off-side Trap should IN THEORY be able to move forward at the first opportunity.   
从逻辑上来看，应对直传球的最好的方法是寻找它的有点反复地天性，例如，很好学习了越位陷阱的艺术的平行站位的四个后卫，在理论上能够一有机会就向前移动。

Another possible counter-action to sides playing the Direct Ball to targetmen upfront is to get your defenders to Man-mark the intended attacking targets out of the game. If they can manage this, almost the entire point of your opponents passing game will be lost.   
应对采用直传球到最前面的进攻核心的球队的另一个可能的方法是，让你的后卫去盯住预期的进攻核心，让他们脱离比赛。如果你能做到这一点，你的对手在比赛中传给这个球员的球几乎全部都会丢掉。

总结：
直传球可以被各种级别的球队采用，通常采用直传时会设置一个进攻核心（Target Man）。
实现直传需要中场和后卫球员具有优秀的传球（Passing）和创造性（Creativity）属性，而进攻核心需要具有优秀的站位（Positioning）、速度（Pace）和天赋（Flair）属性。
如果对方采用直传，可以考虑采用造越位战术，以及对对方的进攻核心进行盯人防守。

Long:
长传

What it does
什么是长传

Last and, in many eyes, least is the Long Ball game with its endless, seemingly aimless, balls sent deep into space in the hope of them eventually dropping into some unspecified region of the opposing penalty area. It's also called "The British way to play" or "Lump the ball forward towards the big guy and pray for the best". It's not to say that it cannot be effective, because it can be, when properly used.
最后，在很多人看来也是最低级的是长传球比赛，看上去没有目标，球不停地被远远地传到空当，希望最后能落入对方禁区内某个不指定的订房。这也被叫做“英式比赛风格”或者“把球朝前面那个大个子吊过去，然后祈祷”。这并不是说长传不可能有效果，因为当正确地使用它时会有效的。

At the lowest levels of the game (again; LLM), with the inevitable restrictions of finance and quality of the players, the Long Ball approach is perhaps a sides only hope of success or at least maintaining their position.
在最低级别的比赛中（重复一次：LLM），由于不可避免的资金和球员质量的限制，长传可能是球队成功或者至少保住位置的唯一希望。

However, there is only so far you can go playing the Long Ball and should your team find its way to a higher level, it's odds-on that the Long Ball will prove to be inhibiting to any further progress. In such cases, a move to a more Direct style of passing is almost certainly the only way to maintain your current position. For an example of this, one only has to think of the success of the Greeks at Euro 2004, slowly modifying their approach from Long to Direct passing.
然而，仅仅是到目前为止，你能够打长传球，你的球队应该寻找进行很高级别比赛的方式，多半长传会被证明制约了所有进一步发展。在这样的情况下，转变到更多的直传方式几乎就是保持你当前位置的唯一方法。举个这样的例子，一定会想起在 2004 年欧洲杯上夺冠的希腊队，他们慢慢地把长传球的方式改成了直传。

Type of players needed
适合的球员类型

The Long Ball narrows down the degree to which you need have multi-faceted players within your squad with the type of player required to be more Neanderthal than Copacabana.
长传球减少了你的球队对全能球员的需求程度，因为这种传球方式对球员的需求很低（和巴西相比更象是猿人）。

Even with the most limited of squads, there are still a number of attributes that you'll need scattered amongst your team, namely Heading, Strength, Jumping and Anticipation for forward positioned players. Those sides that have had success with the Long Ball style of play over the past decades have also paid great attention to the fitness and Stamina levels of players on the understanding that the technique needs complementing with a Pressing style of play when possession has been lost.
即使是最受限制的球队阵容，仍然有许多的属性你需要散布在球队之中，这些就是对前锋位置的球员的要求，头球（Heading）、强壮（Strength）、弹跳（Jumping）以及预判（Anticipatio）。在过去十年之中，那些使用长传成功的球队也非常注意球员的体质（Fitness）和耐力（Stamina）水平，因为他们了解当丢掉控球以后需要用逼压的比赛方式来补充这种技术。

How to counteract
如何应对

Finding a style of play that can succesfully counteract the Long Ball has long taxed the minds of football managers. The rule of thumb is that any side with a significant proportion of skilfull players should generally be able to outplay a Long Ball side. This however, breaks down when variables such as quality of the pitch and adverse weather conditions, such as wind, snow and rain, come into play.
长久以来，寻找一种能够成功地应对长传球的比赛方式让足球经理们绞尽了脑汁。根据经验来说，只要球队拥有很多的技术型球员，通常能够击败一只采用长传的球队。然而，当一些变化的因素（例如球场的质量以及风、雪、雨这样不利的天气）起作用时，那就不一定了。

It is arguable but nevertheless persuasive, according to many of my British collegues, that the most effecive method of dealing with the Long Ball is to fight fire with fire and to return every ball back to your opponent in the same manner as you received it. No one who paid to see the game will thank you for it, but it has proven to be effective and getting a good result is what counts in the end.
虽然有争议但是有说服力，按照我的很多英国同事的说法，处理长传球的最有效方法是以毒攻毒，当你接到球后，用同样的方式把每个球都踢回给对方。花钱来看比赛的没有谁会喜欢这样，但是这已经被证明是有效的，而且最后会得到一个不错的结果。

总结：
长传适合较低级别的俱乐部。
实现长传对前锋有头球（Heading）、强壮（Strength）、弹跳（Jumping）以及预判（Anticipatio）属性方面的要求。此外还需要关心球员的体质（Fitness）和耐力（Stamina）水平。

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To be able to play any sort of passing game it also relies on other factors too not only the passing attribute. Decisions are important for knowing exactly who to choose to pass to as well as choosing when. Anticipation is another attribute that is quite important as if your player is passing to a player who is currently running he needs to anticipate where he is exactly running too. There are a few more factors too but they will get covered in a different article. It all comes down to combinations of attributes rather than just one overall attribute.
要想能够在比赛中采用各种传球方式，不只是依赖于（Passing）传球属性，还依赖于一些其他因素。为了正确地判断选择传球给谁和传球时机，果断（Decisions）很重要。预判（Anticipation）是另外一个相当重要的属性，当你的球员传球给另一个跑动中的球员时，他需要预判出跑动的位置。还有一些更多的影响因素会包含在另一篇文章中。归纳起来，是多个属性组合起来产生作用而不是仅仅一种。

xiel

学习，但大部分还是很好理解的

特立獨行的豬

学习一下

wiesego

视野（Vision）可能是隐藏属性   印象中SCOUT也看不到这个属性,不过想想还是有其存在的合理性
觉得FM应该把传球象实况一样分为短传和长传

loewe

“短传是对技术要求最高的一种传球方式，并不适合较低级别联赛的俱乐部，也不适合在糟糕的场地上采用。”

不同意

1，技术高或低是相对的，低级别联赛里也有技术高低之分，为什么就不能用短传呢？

2，糟糕的场地难道对长传就没有影响吗？为什么就不能用短传呢？我上大学时的球场寸草不生，可是大家都是短传，虽说有些跳跃，但也没什么大的影响。

3，，作者可能不会理解这一点：长传的技术要求比短传更高。为什么我们在大学里玩的时候都是短传？因为我们根本没有能力长传！

[ 本帖最后由 loewe 于 2006-11-26 01:24 PM 编辑 ]

jasky

流明慢慢看...........

melanchboy

我现在大多数球员都是混合传球
不喜欢单一的传球方式
当然对于个别人 个别比赛可能稍微有些修改

江湖笑小生

颇受启发
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